Fast bare-metal recovery OS X system volumes can be restored from a special bootable USB-flash stick or external disk in one action without the need of re-installing the operating system. Backup destination pVHD images can be saved to a local volume, external storage (USB, FireWire, Thunderbolt) or a network share. pVHD support Paragon Virtual Hard Drive does away with all limitations of a standard virtual drive format, such as a poor compression ratio, lack of integrity control and encryption capabilities. Incremental imaging Minimizes backup storage footprint for several time stamps of the same data. Just make your choice and let the program do the rest. Backup & Restore Supports Core Storage backup and restore (including FileVault2 and FusionDrive) OS protection Any Windows or Mac OS X resided on your disks will be detected automatically. Full copies of disks and partitions enable to recover your system to a working state within several minutes. Full images Help to secure your software environment, including OS, applications and data. those that host Mac OS X, providing a coherent state of all open files involved in the process and taking into account that applications may still keep writing to disks. Snapshot onboard Enables to take consistent snapshots of both inactive and in-use partitions, e.g. New Backup & Recovery Sector-level imaging Enables to significantly reduce backup and recovery times while improving general performance. Secure wiping 10 military and governmental data wiping standards as well as support of the “SSD Trim” function to safely erase all on-disk data or only remnants of deleted files on traditional rotating platter disks or solid state drives. Boot Camp management Anything you may need to effectively manage your Boot Camp Windows: backup, restore, repartitioning as well as boot correction capabilities. Bootable recovery media Create a bootable USB-flash stick or external storage to restore OS X system volumes or accomplish drive partitioning when OS X fails to start up or SIP doesn’t allow to perform the operations. Fast restore at a granular level allows to restore only needed files through the Finder by mounting backup image. Backup to VMDK opens up an easy migration to a virtual environment of VMware Fusion. Regular data protection Sector-level data processing through the Paragon's Snapshot enables to do live imaging of the entire Mac including OS, applications with great perfomance. You need two or more competitive utilities to have a similar set of functions. All of this is what will make your Mac happy! Paragon Hard Disk Manager for Mac Key Features Complete hard disk management Covers all aspects of a Mac computer life cycle, beginning from drive partitioning and regular backup to system migration, disaster recovery and secure utilization of an outdated storage. Powerful backup and flexible recovery functions, everything you need for perfect partitioning, reliable data wiping algorithms, and much more. Paragon Hard Disk Manager for Mac is the ideal system and data management solution for Mac. Easy way to disable System Integrity Protection. Recovering lost or accidentally deleted partitions. Resizing partitions and redistributing unused space. Snapshot-driven backup & powerful recovery features. Paragon Hard Disk Manager for Mac includes powerful backup and flexible recovery functions, advanced partitioning and migration features, secure data wiping and much more. Completely protect, maintain and manage your Mac!
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The hurricane is due to turn left eventually, but the timing is dependent upon those trade winds pushing the storm to the west. The Big Island can block the trade winds that blow from east to west, which could allow Hurricane Lane to maintain its intensityĪnd then there’s the matter of the big turn. More than 80: The number of generators that have been distributed throughout the four counties, according to FEMA.2: How many disaster medical assistance teams FEMA has in position and on standby.3: The number of urban search and rescue teams FEMA says are standing by in Oahu, Kauai and Hawaii.Between 2,500 to 3,000: The number of people the Red Cross expects to shelter by Saturday.There are additional shelters on standby in the event they are needed. 45: The number of Red Cross evacuation centers now open throughout the four-county area.More than 2,000: How many people are at Red Cross shelters now (about 500 more people entered shelters Friday morning).1,526: The number of people who stayed in 36 Red Cross shelters Thursday night.Red Cross and FEMA officials just gave an update on their efforts in Hawaii as the state continues to battle Hurricane Lane. 23.A man stands along the beach as waves crash on shore in Honolulu, Hawaii on Thursday AP Photo/John Locher This article was originally published at 11:05 a.m. Mary Forgione, Rosemary McClure and Catharine Hamm contributed to this a.m.: This article was updated with new forecasts and rain totals. The original article published at 7:45 a.m. Friday: This article was updated with additional information about tourists on Oahu. Friday: This article was updated with additional information about the strength of the storm and with the sunset photo.Ħ:43 p.m. Friday: This article was updated with information about the closing of Koalua Ranch on Oahu.Ĥ:10 p.m. Friday: This article was updated with information about the Pride of America’s delay and flight information.ġ1:25 a.m. The website says it plans to open Saturday.ħ:30 a.m. ►Koalua Ranch, a private nature reserve known for ziplining and tours of movie sites such as “Jurassic Park” and “Godzilla,” on Oahu closed Thursday and Friday. ►If you do not need to be on coastal roads or those that flood, the DOT asks that you not travel. ►On Hawaii Island, Bayfront Highway (Highway 19) in Hilo was closed Wednesday evening because of standing water. The road will reopen, the DOT said, after crews check for any damage. ►Also closing on Oahu: Kuhio Highway between Wainiha and Waikoko after 11 p.m. Thursday until the “storm passes and the road is assessed for potential rockfall threat.” ►The Hawaii Department of Transportation said Oahu’s Pali Highway Kailua/Kaneohe-bound lanes at Nuuanu Pali Drive would be closed from 8 p.m. You can find a list of airlines, websites and telephone numbers on the L.A. ►Some flights between the mainland and Hawaii were still operating Friday morning. If you were scheduled to board on that next sailing, you can stay on board on Sunday night. Its originally scheduled Saturday departure now will not occur until Monday, according to. ►Norwegian Cruise Line’s Pride of America was supposed to have returned to Honolulu on Saturday but will now return on Sunday, spending an extra day at sea to try to steer clear of the storm. ► Public libraries in Hawaii, Kauai, Oahu and Maui counties and and the Waikiki Aquarium, according to Hawaii News Now. ►The Bishop Museum, the Honolulu repository of some of the islands’ most important pieces of history. ► The World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument in Honolulu Pearl Harbor Visitor Center there is closed until further notice. National parks on Hawaii and Maui are closed along with other attractions managed by the National Park Service. Ige had advised residents and visitors - he estimated about 270,000 travelers were on the islands - to ensure they have access to two weeks’ worth of food and water. This will be a long-duration event with the potential for heavy rainfall continuing Sunday into early next week as Lane begins to track westward and away from the state.” Pacific time Friday: The storm “along with damaging winds is expected to expand westward over the smaller islands later tonight through Saturday as Lane approaches and moves into the area. The National Weather Service issued this update at 12:44 a.m. Most restaurants were closed, and the few mom-and-pops that had stayed open had long lines and one- to two-hour waits for food.īesides dangerous winds and waves, the storm could bring 30 inches of rain to some places, causing widespread flooding and landslides. It wasn’t an easy day for vacationers, who clogged sidewalks throughout Waikiki, but found almost nothing open. By 1 pm Friday, there were still hundreds of tourists at Waikiki’s Kuhio Beach Park despite blowing sand, choppy surf and strong winds. They will grow on you! The more you use them, the more valuable they will become. Countdown Timer Bars for FCPX is a toolkit to create a modern counter timer. I would like to recommend that you do yourself a favor and purchase the Sight-Creations Essentials bundle, or at least, Highlighter 2. These are the top 10 FREE Final Cut Pro plugins for 2023Consider subscribing for more weekly Final Cut Pro and Apple Motion contentAll the links you could. If it is determined during support that you cannot use my templates, either from compatibility issues or they are “just not right for your needs” - I will refund your purchase. When looking for free FCPX plugins, it would be difficult not to mention Color Finale 2.0. We now get 10 off the Color Finale 2 Pro Licence. It is very important to me that you can use my products for what you need. We created mCountdown with our busy clients in mind, making a fully automatic and exquisitely stylized set of 30 ready-made presets that will fill your. In the meantime, we’ve put together a list of favorite free plugins for Final Cut Pro because everybody likes a freebie 1. I’m trying to save you time, not waste it by making you pick and choose what will probably not be exactly what you want! Why waste that much space on your hard drive? My templates are designed for a wide latitude of options so that you can create your own variation from (in most cases) a single template. I do not believe in creating “themed” assets - you know the type: 24 different variations of the same template for you to choose from. Many of the first templates I created for Final Cut Pro X were originally made for FCP 7! It adds hundreds of features to Apples Final Cut Pro to make it even. I have been creating Motion templates for Final Cut Pro since 2009. CommandPost is a free and open source macOS application that makes your post. It’s difficult to have to do everything involved in maintaining this site on top of developing plugins and templates, so the blog entries are a little more sparse than I would like. There are also galleries of some of my work, a few online tools like the Motion Template Backdater, and several blog entries. Mahoney a.k.a., “Fox” Mahoney) since Nov. Yes it does! The demo version is actually the full plugin and all 25 templates can be used in your videos, but they’ll come with a is the “storefront” for Sight-Creations (the d.b.a. From there, you’ll be able to fine-tune every aspect of your timer like size, color, shadow, alignment, starting and ending time, and much, much more. With Time Pop, you’ll start with a sturdy foundation using one of its 28 awesome templates like Watch, Clock, Speedometer, Kitchen Timer and Stopwatch. Time Pop lets even the greenest Final Cut Pro user blast out eye-pleasing timers in the blink of an eye. Time Pop is packed to the gills with so many customization options it’ll make your jaw drop. Time Pop’s animated timer templates offer a huge range of flexibility, with options available for sports, cooking, limited-time sales, fitness, and just about anything else where time is of the essence! Is Time Pop Easily Customizable? Use Time Pop to add urgency, excitement and emphasis to all of your projects, whether you’re offering a limited-time deal on a sweet pair of fuzzy slippers, demonstrating how to "cook" the perfect PB&J sandwich, or adding the finishing touch to your lawn mower drag racing video. Time Pop is the perfect solution for everyone out there looking for a quick ‘n’ dirty way to add custom timers to any video without wasting precious hours and dollars. Time Pop is a pack of 28 customizable timers for Final Cut Pro, perfect for counting down (or up) to something totally awesome. In this tutorial learn how to make a countdown timer in Final Cut Pro using built-in plugins. Fixed missing version in the BRU installer and the Windows Control Panel.Added ability to use quotes (") in Filters (12) -> Mask.Added ability to specify the rename log file name and path.Added ability to specify a custom 'Prevent Duplicates' format.Bulk Rename Utility is compatible with all versions of Windows, e.g. As such, it is continually being enhanced and improved.Īs well as being "recommended" by a number of websites, Bulk Rename Utility has also appeared on many magazine cover-discs, from Brazil to Sweden. Most of the features have originated from users' suggestions. It has a large base of regular users and an active User's Forum. The software gets downloaded very frequently. and it can batch rename 1,000s of files in seconds. It started as a freeware Visual Basic tool, but as its popularity has grown it has been completely rewritten in C++ to be robust and lightweight - and very, very fast! It can easily handle folders/discs containing well over 100,000 entries. Renaming multiple files and/or multiple folders has never been easier! It has a small memory footprint so it can be left running all the time without consuming all your memory. Change files' creation and modification time stamps.media video length, width, height, rate, publisher, etc). Rename files using Windows File Properties (e.g.Rename MP3 files using ID3 tags (a.k.a."Date Picture Taken", "Resolution" and other information embedded in all JPG photo files) Rename your holiday pictures from a meaningless dsc1790.jpg to NewYork1.jpg in a flash. Rename photos using EXIF metadata (i.e.Check the detailed preview before renaming.Rename files in many ways: add, replace, insert text into file names.Rename multiple files quickly, according to many flexible criteria.FeaturesĪdd date/time stamps, replace numbers, insert text, convert case, add auto-numbers, process folders and subfolders. It can rename all the related information such as artist, album, titles as well as frame width, frame height, length, bitrate, etc. Yes, Bulk Rename Utility supports mp3 ID3 tags as well as video tags. Does Bulk Rename Utility support mp3 ID3 tags? Is Bulk Rename Utility free?īulk Rename Utility is free for personal use, but for commercial purposes you must buy a license in order to use it. The text file must consist of: the old file name followed by a pipe character (|) or a comma (,) and the new file name, one per line. Yes, Bulk Rename Utility lets you import file names from a text file. Can Bulk Rename Utility rename files from a list? Bulk Rename Utility allows you to easily rename files and entire folders based upon extremely flexible criteria. BLESS ME FU XI: Spawns all Tale of the Dragon heroes at your Town Center! (Similar to ATLANTIS REBORN from The Titans Expansion.).POWERS FROM DIYU: Grants four random god powers! (Similar to ZENOS PARADOX from The Titans expansion.).Several new cheat codes have been added for Age of Mythology: Tale of the Dragon owners: WRATH OF CYCLONE: Turn all your units into mighty Titans!.A new map is now available in the Random, Random All, and Random Land Map pools: BLUE LAGOON!Ī new cheat code has been added for Age of Mythology: Extended Edition owners:.Having trouble downloading or playing the build? Visit the official Age of Mythology forums. click the Download Now button to manually download the new update.Click Downloadsat the bottom of the Library window.If you were not running the Patch Preview build: Wait for the game to download the latest game files.Click the Betas tab and set the first drop-down box to “None – Opt out of all beta programs”.Right click Age of Mythology: Extended Edition and select Properties….If you were playing on the Patch Preview build: Click on Library to see your games list.Remember that you’ll need update your game in Steam: Once you’ve had a chance to play with the changes, let us know what you think visit our official gathering spaces to meet others, chat, organize games, and share your experiences with the new and improved Myth. Expanded Scripting Functionality for Modders!.Desync Fixes for several unique issues!.Implemented various Performance and Stability improvements!.But for those who want to jump right into the action, here’s an overview of the major changes you’ll see in the latest version of the game: Obviously we recommend that you take the time to read through the full change log, below-if only to make sure you’re equipped and prepared to face the new battlefield. With the help of the community, we’ve pulled together a long list of much-desired fixes, balance changes, gameplay tweaks, and even some all-new surprises to satisfy your Myth needs! The team even added some additional features thanks to the feedback we received during the 2.8 Patch Preview so to everyone who took the time to play, discuss, or even experimented with a beta build for the first time: YOU ALL ROCK! HAIL, MYTHICAL HEROES! After a month of previewing the latest changes to the game, we are incredibly excited to officially introduce the next major update for Age of Mythology: Extended Edition: UPDATE 2.8! Shikun & Binui Solaria is an energy company based in Israel. The company wanted to show this safety feature in a print ad design, and they hit the nail on this one. You can give the ad a hard press to have the airbag inside inflate. You can then change the colors of the tab at each press.Īnother excellent example of an interactive print ad is this one from the automotive giant, Peugeot. You can activate the ad by pulling on a tab. The print ad design featured a phone with 12 small colored dots at the bottom. In their January 2014 issue, the tech magazine featured Motorola’s campaign for their flagship Android smartphone, Moto X. The consumer electronics company partnered with Wired to create this one-of-a-kind, interactive magazine ad. This Motorola ad is what we mean when we said print ad designs have the tactical contact advantage over digital ads. This is to go with the overall look of magazines that mostly appeals to the eyes. We all know how magazines, especially the fashion-oriented ones, require visually appealing print ad designs. Related Post: How Visuals Can Level Up Your Marketing Game Magazine AdvertisingĬreating print ad designs for magazines include national and regional magazines. When you have a design ready, you can do them for print, too. They also used the same ad across different platforms-proof that newspaper ads don’t have to be an added expense. They issued an apology, and the result is the newspaper ad you see above. KFC added some sort of shock value to their print ad design when their restaurants ran out of chicken. They are hands painted on to look like a fish and coral holding a mobile phone. What looks like a seascape turns out to be more than that. The telecom company’s campaign series featured different countries where they offer their services. This print ad from AT&T is designed to make you look twice. Here are some newspaper print ad designs that did a superb job of catching their readers’ eyes: This makes fighting for consumer attention really hard. This may be good news to newspaper publications, but not so for advertisers. Once you read the small text (which seems to have been done intentionally), the impact leaves you astounded.Ī Nielsen Scarborough study has shown that 69% of the U.S. The image is somewhat perplexing at first, and you need to look for the details to get the entire message. You need to look at it closely to catch its meaningful intent. This example from the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) is a great one. Newspaper reading is usually done at a leisurely pace as opposed to its digital counterparts. It’s also one of the ways that your ad can combat the 8-second attention span that most of us have when on the internet. One of the longest in use forms of advertising, newspaper print ad designs can reach a mix of demographics. Here are the most commonly requested types of print ad designs: Newspaper Advertising At Penji, our extensive experience has taught us what the most popular is. It allows you flexibility as you can choose from a wide variety of channels. Print media is an excellent platform to showcase your products or services. We are an on-demand graphic design service that can create great print ads for your business. There is a high chance that when not done right, your direct mailer will be ignored or worse, get thrown away immediately.įor your direct mail or any type of print advertising to be effective, you’ll need Penji. According to the United States Postal Service, an average American receives around 16.8 pieces of mail every week. Take note that the word beautiful is emphasized. Consumers trust print ads more than any other form of advertising, as can be seen from this chart from Marketing Sherpa: Research from the Direct Marketing Association (DMA) found that 79% of customers act on direct mail than 45% of those with email. You can create them to give out the experience of touch and smell. A beautiful* mailer can stay on a tabletop longer than a digital ad on social media. Except for billboards and banners, most print ads are capable of playing on tactile contact. Here are a few reasons why print advertising is still effective and relevant: It isn’t dying and will be with us for a longer time than most people believe. Statista tells us that newspaper and magazine ad spending went down from $63 million to $55 million in 2019.īut if you’ll notice, print advertising is still a million-dollar industry. Many business owners think that the advent of digital advertising has placed print ad designs on the backburner. If you scroll down your Wave Accounting dashboard, you will find a profit and loss snapshot which includes income, expenses, unpaid invoices, and bills.īelow that we have ‘Payable & Owing’, the details under which are categorized by date. If you scroll up, you can click ‘Create a new’ and then select an option from the drop-down: On your dashboard, you can also see shortcuts to different activities, such as: It’s a simple step-by-step process that Waveguides you through (We will also cover this again further down the page). Now, go ahead and click ‘Connect my account’. This is for reconciling or managing your transactions that occur when you make a purchase or when you receive payments. Next to that, we have ‘connect your bank account’. You can also select ‘Last 24 Months’ and view an entire report. This snapshot displays a visual representation of your cash flow over the last 12 months. On your Wave Accounting dashboard, you can see the snapshot of your account. In this section, we will walk you through how to use the Wave Accounting tutorial and cover some of the important elements within the dashboard. You have now arrived at your Wave Accounting dashboard. Once you’ve entered the relevant details, click ‘Continue to accounting’. In step 4 of 4, select the duration you’ve been running your business for (1-3 years in this case), type of business (limited liability company, for example), type of LLC (single-member LLC), whether your own a business bank account (select ‘ yes’) and what payment method you use for your business expenses (select credit card). Once you’ve selected the appropriate answers, click ‘One last step’. We’re going to select ‘Manage your accounting’ and then answer a few questions by selecting the drop-down. You can watch our beginner’s tutorial on Xero to help you get started.Īfter you’ve completed step 1, you have to choose a starting point in step 2. We recommend Xero for our Australian and New Zealand clients but there are many other tools that you can play around with depending on the country you’re in. Hence, if you’re not based in any of these countries, we suggest using alternative free accounting software for small businesses. It’s important to know that this free accounting software has been built for US and Canadian businesses. You would also have to enter your business currency before hitting ‘Next’ (step 1 of 4). The details include your first and last name, your business name, business country, etc. We will choose the first option and then fill in the details in the next step. You also have the option to sign-up with Google if you like. To get started with the Wave Accounting software for free, add your email ID and password.Ĭlick ‘Create your free account’. Let’s get started with Wave Accounting: 1. Wave is completely free (unless you sign up for payroll or customer payments)!Īnd if you’re wondering how Wave makes its money, well, it’s through their payroll and credit card processing transaction fees. Many similar tools on the market come with a cost. In our opinion, Wave is the perfect accounting solution for small businesses. It helps you automatically track and manage all your financial accounts rather than wasting your time trying to compile and organize your financial activities manually through spreadsheets or with pen and paper (yes we know local businesses that are still doing this!). Wave Accounting is all-in-one accounting software that doesn’t cost you a cent. Why Do Small Businesses Need Accounting Software? In this Wave Accounting software tutorial, we will walk you through the ins and outs of this software that will help you better manage your day-to-day accounting and financial activities. It allows you to track transactions, payments, bills, invoices and accounts all within a streamlined, user-friendly accounting platform. Wave is an award-winning, free accounting software tutorial designed for all types of small businesses.
Anatomically and functionally, consciousness depends on the interaction and activity of the cerebral cortex, brainstem and thalamus. To be conscious one must be awake however, being awake does not necessarily mean that one is conscious. The first refers to the degree of alertness and the second is related to the quality and coherence of the individual’s thought, cognition and attitude. It is important to distinguish the level and the content of consciousness. If treatment is given on time, then in most cases complications can be prevented of the causes of Pinpoint Pupils.Consciousness is the individual’s ability to have perception of themselves and their surrounding environment. Even a benign condition like anterior uveitis can also cause damage to the eyes if not treated appropriately. All these conditions require early detection and treatment as all of them may lead to life threatening complications. Many causes of Pinpoint Pupils are quite serious like heroin addiction, pesticide poisoning, or opioid dependency. If a person has Pinpoint Pupils without any noticeable cause should consult with a physician to get checked up as it may be a sign of an emergent medical condition. It is not a disease on its own but can definitely sign an underlying medical condition. In conclusion, Pinpoint Pupils is a condition in which the pupils of a person constrict to such a degree that they become the size of a pinpoint. Sedatives and antiepileptics are also quite helpful in treating pesticide poisoning. Medical treatments for pesticide poisoning include use of activated charcoal to clean up the poison from the stomach and antidotes. If the person is vomiting or has lost consciousness it is important to place them on their sides and keep their head tilted downwards. Treatment: Pesticide poisoning whether accidental or deliberate requires immediate medical attention. The person may also produce excessive saliva along with vomiting, coughing, muscle weakness, and problems breathing. Pesticide Exposure: There have been various researches conducted on pesticide poisoning and they have observed that Pinpoint Pupils is one of the symptom. Head injuries require emergent medical treatment even if the effects of it may not be apparent immediately after the injury. The study observed that people who sustain severe head injuries who develop Pinpoint Pupils can indicate something serious. A study was conducted in 2014 on how pupils react to light in cases of head injuries. Head Injury: Head Injuries that affect the central nervous system can also at time cause Pinpoint Pupils. Further testing may have to be done if any other medical condition is believed to be the cause of the inflammation. Inflammation can be controlled by using eyedrops containing steroids. Treatment: Pinpoint Pupils caused by anterior uveitis can be treated by using eyedrops to open up the pupils. Some of the symptoms of anterior uveitis include eye pain, blurry vision, and photosensitivity. This condition is mostly seen in middle aged people and young adults. Anterior Uveitis is often at times associated with medical conditions like rheumatic disease, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatologic conditions, and lung disorders. This is a condition in which the anterior portion of the iris gets inflamed. Īnterior Uveitis: This is yet another cause of Pinpoint Pupils. Other than this, treatment for Horner Syndrome is purely symptomatic. Radiation and chemotherapy will be additionally required if the tumor is malignant. If tumor is believed to be the cause then surgical excision will be required. The treatment is basically dependent on the cause of the condition. Treatment: Horner Syndrome although rare is a serious condition that requires aggressive treatment as it can cause life threatening complications. Īside from Pinpoint Pupils, other symptoms of this condition include ptosis and inability to sweat on one side of the face. It is generally caused by a stroke, tumor, or any damage to the brainstem. Horner Syndrome is a rare condition characterized by damage of the sympathetic nerve causing a variety of symptoms. Horner Syndrome: This is yet another cause of Pinpoint Pupils. Cognitive behavioral therapy and talk therapy are some of the approaches that are taken for people addicted to heroin. A psychiatric consultation will also be needed to address the psychological issues that the person may be facing. Treatment: A person with heroin dependency will have to go to a drug rehab for complete detoxification. It can also be fatal if taken excessively. They can also damage the veins by using frequent injections. Heroin addicts are also at risk for other infections like HIV if they use injections. Some of the other symptoms of heroin use include bloodshot eyes, weight loss, drowsiness, lack of motivation, suicidal ideations, paranoia, speech problems. Reframing Art History, a new kind of textbook.Not your grandfather’s art history: a BIPOC Reader.With 503 contributors from 201 colleges, universities, museums, and researchĬenters, Smarthistory is the most-visited art history resource in the world. We believe that the brilliant histories of art belong to everyone, no matter their background. At Smarthistory, the Center for Public Art History, we believe art has the power to transform lives and to build understanding across cultures. In short, we agree with Zaller (2001) that opinions can vary according to the level of exposure to information, or the degree of political competence of individuals that citizens do not always have stable attitudes on all issues and that opinions are partly formed by the discourses carried out in public arenas. The second theory concerns the nature of public opinion. This event, which at the same time focuses the attention of the public and policy-makers on a problem, opens a window of opportunity and can lead to a major and relatively rapid reconfiguration of the public policies concerned ( policy learning ). It is a sudden - and relatively rare - event, harmful or revealing possible harm, limited to a geographical area and of which the political decision-makers and the public become simultaneously aware (Gamson 1992). Two types of theory appear relevant here to understand recent developments in European public opinion regarding energy issues.īased on the intuitive notion of a disaster transforming the public agenda and the priorities for public action, John Kingdon (1984 2013) proposes the notion of focusing event. There is also some evidence to question the role of public opinion in shaping public policy and the nature of political decisions ( Belot 2019). Of course, the debate is great regarding how complex it is to limit public opinion to the results of surveys and on the quality of that opinion ( Converse 2006). Indeed, the challenges of energy and environmental transitions are such, especially when they affect infrastructures or changes in practices, that they cannot be resolved without the inclusion of the citizens. The democratic framework of the States considered here requires that public opinions be taken into account. These four poles define, as it were, the boundaries of the possible energy mixes within which the Member States position their national energy policies. These elements form a new energy landscape that identifies four possible levers of action, within the dual frame of decarbonising economies and improving Europe's energy independence: renewables, nuclear, gas and efficiency/sobriety. Finally, nuclear energy seems to appear to have become a credible alternative again, thanks to the discussion on European level green taxonomy and the political window of opportunity which places the imperative of energy security squarely at the centre of the energy debate. Secondly, it is clear that the end of fossil fuels will not be immediate: in the European Parliament, the coalitions opposing gas are gradually weakening, and the deployment of LNG terminals and the development of hydrogen offer possibilities for an extension of the use of these energies in terms of public policy. This means, on the one hand, that renewable energies (RE) are clearly presented as one of the solutions to be developed on the other, that the issue of energy demand is once again gradually becoming a priority, with objectives for efficiency and the reduction of consumption. Firstly, the Green Deal has become a robust instrument to the extent that it is now part of the May 2022 REPowerEU plan. The importance of the European level has therefore been established when it comes to energy issues. This is undeniable in the field of energy: if certain mechanisms such as the general cap on gas prices have not been adopted, some measures, which were hard to imagine at European level until recently, have now been ratified, such as joint gas purchases, shared objectives for reducing energy demand, the obligation to store energy, etc. The health crisis triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic, and perhaps above all the war in Ukraine, together with increasingly outspoken Chinese and/or American interventionism, have largely contributed to " breaking European energy taboos" towards more collective and coordinated approaches. |
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